Basic Steps Toward a New Language

Basic Steps Toward a New Language

by: Scott Foreman

I thought I was unique, but the more folks I talked with, the more I realized that many people started just like I did. When I first got into my online business, I knew nothing about computer programming. I figured that I must be the only one in online marketing with such undeveloped computer skills. It turns out, there are many of you that started just like me.

No matter where we start, however, computer skills are essential in the online world. More and more frequently, programming knowledge is not only helpful, but required. It’s just not businesssmart to pay someone else to make every single change on your website.

Even if you are a programming newbie, all is not lost. You probably already know, for instance, that a huge amount of website programming is done in HTML (HyperText Markup Language). HTML was designed so that the ‘average’ website owner could create and edit content easily and quickly. If you don’t know what HTML looks like, get a glance by going to your favorite website. In the menu at the top of the screen click View and then click Source. Theoretically, this will give you the HTML code for the page you are viewing. There is an amazing amount of functionality involved with HTML coding. With knowledge of just a few commands, you can make a huge number of formatting and esthetic changes to your web page. With just a little bit more knowledge of the basic commands, you can enact very detailed adjustments to your site.

Let me give you a few examples that you may already know. When you use the command …, all text that replaces the ‘…’ will be emboldened. With … you can probably guess that the enclosed text will be centered. If you want a line break, use the command at the end of your sentence.

As I said, you probably already know those commands, but there are many that are just as easy and useful that you may not know. Just a little bit of research into the standard HTML commands can give you a world of knowledge in this userfriendly programming language.

Whether you have to completely redo your website or just want to make a few choice format changes, basic HTML knowledge is invaluable. Learning a few of the commands can give you a significant advantage over your competition, not to mention saving you money through doityourself programming work.

When you’re ready, check out how much HTML you can learn in just one hour. http://www.buildpassiveincome.com/cmd.php?ad=127595

Remember, be good to yourself and never underestimate the power associated with the intensity of your passion.

Copyright 2005 Foreman Enterprises

Scott Foreman BuildPassiveIncome.com

mailto:[email protected]

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About The Author

Wayne and Scott Foreman are coowners of

http://www.buildpassiveincome.com

This Secret Book Made Terry Dean Rich! You Can Get it Free IF you click below now (you won’t believe the simple techniques it reveals that ANYONE can use)

http://www.BuildPassiveIncome.com/secret

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This article was posted on March 16

by Scott Foreman

Action Script In Photoshop?

Action Script In Photoshop?

by: Blur Loterina

Are you tired of doing the same task over and over, say scanning? You might be wondering whether there’s a program that will repeat the job for you. Well, there’s one, the Actions by Photoshop. Curious? Then, read on.

An action is referred to as a recording of a series of commands that is used to capture repetitive tasks. These commands are to be applied to a series of files and will guide users in a stepbystep manner. It also allows you to play back recording. Here are some techniques.

Create a new action by clicking on the Create New Action Button located at the bottom of the palette. Then, make a set by clicking the Create New Set button on the Actions palette. A dialog box will appear. In here, you must type a specific name for every set. In the Action dialog box, you should assign an action to a particular set, define a function key and apply a color.

Next is to record the action. Photoshop automatically records your steps. Every step you take will be recorded as well as the settings. If you made any mistake, you will be able to correct them later.

If you are through, click the Stop button at the bottom of the Action palette.

Check the Action so that it will function well. Make sure that it lives in a Set. It must contain at least one command. Every command must have settings associated with it and a check mark next to it.

An action can be edited. You can reorder commands, delete commands, reset a command setting, add a command in midstream, insert a stop, record again and troubleshoot it. To reorder command, in the Action palette, grab the command with the cursor and drag it up or down. In deleting commands, just select a command and press the Delete key. Double click on the Command in the Action if you want to reset it. To add a command in midstream or anywhere in the action, select the command and click the action button. Inserting a stop will allow you to apply settings to a step. To Record Again, simply select Record Again on the Actions Palette. Photoshop will allow you to reset the settings. Photoshop has a sort of diagnostic tool that will help you see what was causing the trouble in your Action.

You can play the Action in three ways. You can play it from the palette, just set your file up and click on the Play button. You can also use function keys. The dialog box will allow you to assign a function key so that you will be able to play the Action by simply pressing the key. You can use the button mode that is selected from the Actions side menu.

Techniques like this can save your time and effort.

About The Author

Blur Loterina

You may wonder why I write articles. Besides from the fact that it’s my job, I used to write short stories when I was younger. I think it would be helpful if I said I’m a big fan of Zach de la Rocha and Rage Against the Machine. This would explain my own views about a lot of things. Their songs were about national issues, politics and human rights. They support the American Indian Movement and Che Guevara, the face you see on tshirts. Not that it concerns me. I only like their music and idealism.

I like to read anything that contains words in the old English form, though I can’t understand it. You know, the King James Version of the Bible with words like thou, thy, thine, wilst, etc. The words used are different. The construction of the sentence is different, too, which makes sentences sound artistic. I also like gothic metal, a music genre, because most of the lyrics contain such words. It is not only the words that fascinate me; it’s the hidden meaning it contains. It’s like an abstract painting; you don’t get the real picture until you see through it.

I’m not an artist, I’m not a poet. I just love writing anything I want. I wasn’t born a genius, I just want to know and understand something I don’t. I like to find the difference between similar things. It’s like counting birthmarks on each identical twin.

For comments and inquiries about the article visit http://www.ucreative.com

[email protected]

This article was posted on March 01

by Blur Loterina

Cisco Certification: Debug and Show commands for I

Cisco Certification: Debug and Show commands for ISDN

by: Chris Bryant

The major reason I recommend getting your hands on real Cisco equipment rather than a simulator is that real Cisco routers give you the chance to practice and learn show and debug commands.

The knowledge you acquire from debugs is invaluable. Frankly, it’s this knowledge that puts you above the ขaverageข CCNA who doesn’t have that handson experience. Watching debugs in action also gives you a head start on the CCNP. Since 90 – 95% of CCNAs go on to pursue the CCNP, it’s a great idea to get started with debugs now.

Don’t make the mistake of waiting until you’re studying for your CCNP and CCIE to start learning debugs and shows. The work you do for the CCNA is the foundation for everything you’ll do in the future.

Never, ever, ever practice debugs on a production network. There are debugs that will give you so much information that the router actually becomes overloaded and then locks up. Never practice debugs on a production network.

It’s important to know the proper show and debug commands for ISDN for several reasons. First, by watching ISDN in operation, you can see its processes and better understand what’s going on. Secondly, it’s difficult if not impossible to properly troubleshoot ISDN without knowing the proper show and debug commands. (It’s easy to overlook an ISDN authentication error just by looking at the configuration, but running debug ppp negotiation will quickly show you where the problem lies.)

Let’s take a look at the ISDN show and debug commands that every CCNA and CCNP should know.

Show ISDN Status

If you only know one ISDN show command, it’s got to be this one. Always use this command after configuring your ISDN switch type and any necessary SPIDs. The command will show you the switch type (and will also show you if you did not configure a switch type), and whether the SPIDs you entered are valid:

R1#show isdn status

Global ISDN Switchtype = basicni

ISDN BRI0 interface

dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basicni

Layer 1 Status:

ACTIVE

Layer 2 Status:

TEI = 91, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED

TEI = 92, Ces = 2, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED

Spid Status:

TEI 91, ces = 1, state = 5(init)

spid1 configured, no LDN, spid1 sent, spid1 valid

Endpoint ID Info: epsf = 0, usid = 1, tid = 1

TEI 92, ces = 2, state = 5(init)

spid2 configured, no LDN, spid2 sent, spid2 valid

Endpoint ID Info: epsf = 0, usid = 3, tid = 1

Layer 3 Status:

0 Active Layer 3 Call(s)

Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0

The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000003

Once in a while, you’ll get this output from show isdn status:

R2#show isdn status

The current ISDN Switchtype = basicni1

ISDN BRI0 interface

Layer 1 Status:

ACTIVE

Layer 2 Status:

Layer 2 NOT Activated

Spid Status:

TEI Not Assigned, ces = 1, state = 3(await establishment)

spid1 configured, no LDN, spid1 NOT sent, spid1 NOT valid

TEI Not Assigned, ces = 2, state = 1(terminal down)

spid2 configured, no LDN, spid2 NOT sent, spid2 NOT valid

Check your running configuration, and if the SPIDs look good, simply close the BRI interface and open it again. Then run show ISDN status again. If you then see ขspids are validข, you’re ready to proceed. If you still see a message that the spids are invalid, you’ve most likely mistyped the SPID.

Show AccessList

What’s this command got to do with ISDN? Everything.

Remember how the ISDN link comes up in the first place? Interesting traffic. By default, there is no interesting traffic. You define interesting traffic with the dialerlist and dialergroup commands, AND the accesslist command. If you have a problem with your link never coming up or with it coming up and staying up, use this command to see what traffic has been defined as interesting.

Show Dialer

Another helpful command to determine why an ISDN link is coming up and staying up. This command shows you how many successful calls and failed calls have taken place, what the current idletimer value is (by default, it’s 120 seconds), and most importantly, what the source and destination was for the current interesting traffic:

R1#show dialer

BRI0 dialer type = ISDN

Dial String Successes Failures Last called Last status

8358662 1 0 00:00:59 successful

0 incoming call(s) have been screened.

0 incoming call(s) rejected for callback.

BRI0:1 dialer type = ISDN

Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs)

Wait for carrier (30 secs), Reenable (15 secs)

Dialer state is data link layer up

Dial reason: ip (s=172.12.21.1, d=172.12.21.2)

Time until disconnect 62 secs

Connected to 8358662 (R2)

Here, you can see that the idletimer value is at its default, that there are 62 seconds left until the link comes down (unless interesting traffic resets the timer), and that the source of the interesting traffic was 172.12.21.1 and the destination is 172.12.21.2. If that destination is the multicast address of a routing protocol – say, 224.0.0.5 for OSPF – you know what traffic is keeping the line up.

Show ISDN History

Want to see what calls have been made in the last 15 minutes? Just run this command. It’s helpful if you’re walking in to an ISDN troubleshooting situation and want to see what calls have been made.

R1#show isdn history ISDN CALL HISTORYHistory table has a maximum of 100 entries.History table data is retained for a maximum of 15 Minutes.Call Calling Called Remote Seconds Seconds Seconds ChargesType Number .Number Name Used Left Idle Units/CurrencyOut 8358662 R2 121 0Out 8358662 R2 121 0

Debug PPP Negotiation

Not only do you need to know this command for your CCNA and CCNP exams, you MUST know it to be an effective ISDN troubleshooter.

When PPP authentication is first configured, it’s simple to mistype a password, or forget to configure a ขusername / passwordข combination. Instead of continually reading your running configuration to see what the problem is, run debug ppp negotiation and send a ping to bring the line up. You’ll quickly see where the problem is.

R2#debug ppp negotiation

PPP protocol negotiation debugging is on

R2#ping 172.12.21.1

BR0:1 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by both

BR0:1 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 1 len 23 from กR2ก

BR0:1 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 1 len 23 from กR1ก

BR0:1 CHAP: O RESPONSE id 1 len 23 from กR2ก

BR0:1 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 1 len 4

BR0:1 CHAP: I RESPONSE id 1 len 23 from กR1ก

BR0:1 CHAP: O SUCCESS id 1 len 4

By mastering these simple ISDN show and debug commands, you increase your chances of passing the CCNA and CCNP exams greatly, and vastly improve your onthejob skills.

I recommend you visit www.cisco.com/univercd for more show and debug commands. Learning to negotiate this valuable online resource will truly help you become more valuable on the job. Every Cisco router and switch command, along with default and usage guidelines, can be found on this site. I’ll have an article posted soon to help you learn your way around the site; in the meantime, I urge you to begin adding this website to your troubleshooting toolkit.

Chris Bryant

CCIE #12933

About The Author

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage. The Bryant Advantageกs website offers FREE ebooks and tutorials for the CCNA and CCNP exams, FREE subscriptions to กCisco Certification Centralก, and sells the best CCNA and CCNP prep courses and books on the market today. Visit his site at www.thebryantadvantage.com today!

[email protected]

This article was posted on January 04, 2005

by Chris Bryant